7.1 |
Dialogues in Gurmukhi with Transcription and Translation
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7.2 |
Dialogues in Gurmukhi with Transcription and Translation
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§ PRONUNCIATION
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7.3 |
There are three tones in Punjabi. Only two, normal (unmarked) and high ( /'/ ), occured in the first six lessons.
The third is low( /`/ ), Every Punjabi word has one of these three. There are many pairs of words which differ only in tones.
If the tones are not correct your speech is likely to be misunderstood.
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The following words illustrate the three tones. Your instructor will read them in the order in which they are listed. Listen carefully for the difference.
Then he will pronounce them in some other order. Try to identify the tones. After you have had some practice just listening,
try pronouncing them after your instructor, carefully imitating his model.
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Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
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Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
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Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
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ਲ੍ਹਾ |
lā̀ |
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ਲਾ |
lā |
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ਲਾਹ |
lā́ |
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ਝਾ |
čā̀ |
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ਚਾ |
čā |
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ਚਾਹ |
čā́ |
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ਨ੍ਹਾ |
nā̀ |
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ਨਾ |
nā |
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ਨਾਹ |
nā́ |
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ਘਰ |
kàr |
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ਕਰ |
kar |
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ਕਲ੍ਹ |
kál |
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ਭਾਣ |
pā̀ṇ |
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ਪਾਣ |
pāṇ |
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ਪਾਹਣ |
pā́ṇ |
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ਭਾਰ |
pā̀r |
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ਪਾਰ |
pār |
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ਪਾਹਰ |
pā́r |
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ਭੈਣ |
pɛ̀ṇ |
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ਪੈਣ |
pɛṇ |
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ਪੈਹਣ |
pέṇ |
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ਧੀਰ |
tī̀r |
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ਤੀਰ |
tīr |
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ਤੀਹਰ |
tī́r |
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ਧੀਰਾ |
tī̀rā |
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ਤੀਰਾ |
tīrā |
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ਤੀਹਰਾ |
tī́rā |
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ਭਾਜੀ |
pā̀jī |
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ਪਾਜੀ |
pājī |
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ਮਾਝੀ |
mā́jī |
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ਝੋਰਾ |
čòrā |
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ਚੋਰੀ |
čorī |
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ਕੋਹਲੀ |
kólī |
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7.4 |
A slight difference in vowel length is correlated with difference in tone. A vowel with high tone is shorter than one with normal tone. A vowel with low tone is longer than one with normal tone. Vowel length is, therefore, an important clue in determining tones of words in sentences.
Listen for these differences and make a special effort to imitate them in your practice.
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7.5 |
In a sentence the "tune" is a combination of the intonation and the tone of the words. This means that it will require some experience to identify tones in context. You have worked on a number of Punjabi sentences, and you have drilled on the tones of isolated words.
It would be useful to practice some sentences primarily for tone and intonation.
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Imitate your instructor carefully as he pronounces
the following, being especially careful to get the ‘‘tune’’ correct.
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Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
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ਮੈਂ ਘਰ ਜਾਣਾ। |
mɛ̃ kàr jāṇā. |
I must go to the house. |
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ਮੈਂ ਪਿੰਡ ਜਾਣਾ। |
mɛ̃ pĩḍ jāṇā. |
I must go to the village. |
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ਮੈਂ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਜਾਣਾ। |
mɛ̃ šέr jāṇā. |
I must go to the city. |
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ਮੇਰੇ ਘਰ ਆਓ। |
mere kàr āo. |
Come to my house. |
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ਮੇਰੇ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਆਓ। |
mere šέr āo. |
Come to my city. |
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ਓਹ ਮੇਰਾ ਘਰ ਏ। |
ó merā kàr e. |
That is my house. |
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ਓਹ ਮੇਰਾ ਪਿੰਡ ਏ। |
ó merā pĩḍ e. |
That is my village. |
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ਓਹ ਮੇਰਾ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਏ। |
ó merā šέr e. |
That is my city. |
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ਓਹ ਮੇਰਾ ਘਰ ਏ? |
ó merā kàr e? |
Is that my house? |
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ਓਹ ਮੇਰਾ ਪਿੰਡ ਏ? |
ó merā pĩḍ e? |
Is that my village? |
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ਓਹ ਮੇਰਾ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਏ? |
ó merā šέr e? |
Is that my city? |
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7.6
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Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
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ਇਕ ਰਸਗੁੱਲਾ ਲੈਣਾ ਏ। |
ik rasgullā lɛṇā e. |
I want one /rasgullā/. |
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ਇਕ ਅੰਬ ਲੈਣਾ ਏ। |
ik ãb lɛṇā e. |
I want one mango. |
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ਇਕ ਸੰਤਰਾ ਲੈਣਾ ਏ। |
ik sãtrā lɛṇā e. |
I want one orange. |
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ਇਕ ਕੇਲਾ ਲੈਣਾ ਏ। |
ik kelā lɛṇā e. |
I want one banana. |
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ਕੁਝ ਪਾਣੀ ਲੈਣਾ ਏ। |
kúj pāṇī lɛṇā e. |
I want some water. |
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7.7
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Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
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ਦੋ ਰਸਗੁੱਲੇ ਲੈਣੇ ਨੇ। |
do rasgulle lɛṇe ne. |
I want two /rasgulle/. |
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ਤਿੰਨ ਅੰਬ ਲੈਣੇ ਨੇ। |
tin ãb lɛṇe ne. |
I want three mangoes. |
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ਚਾਰ ਸੰਤਰੇ ਲੈਣੇ ਨੇ। |
čār sãtre lɛṇe ne. |
I want four oranges. |
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ਕੁਝ ਕੇਲੇ ਲੈਣੇ ਨੇ। |
kúj kele lɛṇe ne. |
I want some bananas. |
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7.8
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Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
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ਇਕ ਨਾਰੰਗੀ ਲੈਣੀ ਏ। |
ik nārãgī lɛṇī e. |
I want one orange. |
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ਇਕ ਜਲੇਬੀ ਲੈਣੀ ਏ। |
ik jalebī lɛṇī e. |
I want one /jalebī/ |
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ਕੁਝ ਦਾਲ ਲੈਣੀ ਏ। |
kúj dāl lɛṇī e. |
I want some /dāl/. |
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7.9
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Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
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ਦੋ ਨਾਰੰਗੀਆਂ ਲੈਣੀਆਂ ਨੇ। |
do nārãgīā̃ lɛṇīā̃ ne. |
I want two oranges. |
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ਤਿੰਨ ਜਲੇਬੀਆਂ ਲੈਣੀਆਂ ਨੇ। |
tin jalebīā̃ lɛṇīā̃ ne. |
I want three /jalebīā̃/. |
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7.10
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Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
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ਇਕ ਕਿੱਲੋ ਕਲਾਕੰਦ ਦੇਣਾ। |
ik killo kalākãd deṇā. |
Give me a kilo of /kalākãd/. |
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ਦੋ ਕਿੱਲੋ ਬਰਫੀ ਦੇਣਾ। |
do killo barfī deṇā. |
Give me two kilos of / barfī/. |
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ਦੋ ਸੰਤਰੇ ਦੇਣਾ। |
do sãtre deṇā. |
Give me two oranges. |
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ਤਿੰਨ ਨਾਰੰਗੀਆਂ ਦੇਣਾ। |
tin nārãgīā̃ deṇā. |
Give me three oranges. |
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ਕੁਝ ਖਾਣਾ ਦੇਣਾ। |
kúj khāṇā deṇā. |
Give me some food. |
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7.11
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Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
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ਟੋਕਰੀ ਵਿਚ ਕਲਾਕੰਦ ਪਾ ਦਿਓ। |
ṭokrī wič kalākãd pā dio. |
Put the /kalākãd/ in the basket. |
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ਟੋਕਰੀ ਵਿਚ ਜਲੇਬੀਆਂ ਪਾ ਦਿਓ। |
ṭokrī wič jalebīā̃ pā dio. |
Put the /jalebīā̃/ in the basket. |
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ਟੋਕਰੀ ਵਿਚ ਫਲ ਪਾ ਦਿਓ। |
ṭokrī wič phal pā dio. |
Put the fruit in the basket. |
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ਟੋਕਰੀ ਵਿਚ ਸੰਤਰੇ ਪਾ ਦਿਓ। |
ṭokrī wič sãtre pā dio. |
Put the oranges in the basket. |
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7.12 |
Patterns 7.6, 7.7, 7.8 and 7.9 are affected by gender. Patterns 7.10 and 7.11 are not.
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§ COUNTING
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7.13 |
The following numbers are all new. They should be practiced in the same frames as you used in 6.12. In addition, they can be practiced in any suitable sentences in this lesson. Twelve rupees a kilo would be a very less price for /jalebīā̃/,
but it is still good practice, linguistically:
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Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
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ਯਾਰਾਂ |
yārā̃ |
‘eleven’ |
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ਬਾਰਾਂ |
bārā̃ |
‘twelve’ |
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ਤੇਰਾਂ |
terā̃ |
‘thirteen’ |
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ਚੌਦਾਂ |
čͻdā̃ |
‘fourteen’ |
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ਪੰਦਰਾਂ |
pãdrā̃ |
‘fifteen’ |
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You may find the following frame a good one to practice numerals in :
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Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
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ਦੋ ਤੇ ਦੋ ਚਾਰ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਨੇ। |
do te do čār hũde ne. |
‘Two and two is four’. |
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