10.1 |
Dialogues in Gurmukhi with Transcription and Translation
|
|
|
|
|
§ USAGE NOTES |
10.2 |
The Darbar Sahib of Golden Temple is the leading Sikh shrine. It is located on an island in a lake in the centre of the city of Amritsar.
The city is named from the temple, Amritsar, meaning 'Lake of Nectar'.
|
|
Before partition Amritsar and Lahore were together the central cities of Punjab. The border, however, now separates them. Lahore is the chief city of Pakistani Punjab, and Amritsar of India. Amritsar has long been the most important Sikh centre. There are a number of shrines in the area.
Khalsa College in Amritsar is the oldest Sikh instituition of higher learning.
|
|
Ramdas was the fourth Guru. He led the Sikhs from 1574 to 1581.
Ranjit Singh was Maharaja in the Punjab from 1799 to 1839.
The Granth Sahib is a collection of hymns and other religious writings compiled by the Sikh Gurus.
A /kirtan/ is musical recitation of religious poetry. /paršād/ is a preparation of flour, ghee, and sugar which is passed to the worshipers during certain services.
|
|
§ PRONUNCIATION |
10.3 |
There are no new sounds in this lesson. However, practicing the following words will give you fluency in the more difficult sounds of Punjabi.
Concentrate especially on the retroflex sounds.
|
|
|
Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
|
Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
|
Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
|
ਕਾਣਾ |
kāṇā |
|
ਪੌਣੇ |
pͻṇe |
|
ਸਾਡਾ |
sāḍā |
|
ਸਾਢੇ |
sā́ḍe |
|
ਮਾੜਾ |
māṛā |
|
ਸਾੜਾ |
sāṛā |
|
ਜਾਣਾ |
jāṇā |
|
ਆਉਣਾ |
ͻṇā |
|
ਨੱਢੀ |
náḍḍī |
|
ਵੱਢੀ |
wáḍḍī |
|
ਤਾੜੀ |
tāṛī |
|
ਚਾੜ੍ਹੀ |
čā́ṛī |
|
ਪਾਣੀ |
pāṇī |
|
ਛਾਹਣੀ |
čhā́ṇī |
|
ਵਾਢੀ |
wā́ḍī |
|
ਲੱਡੂ |
laḍḍū |
|
ਸੜਕ |
saṛk |
|
ਰੜਕ |
raṛk |
|
ਰੋਣਾ |
roṇā |
|
ਤੋਣਾ |
toṇā |
|
ਢਾਡੀ |
tā̀ḍī |
|
ਭੰਡ |
pã̀ḍ |
|
ਲੜੀ |
laṛī |
|
ਸੜੀ |
saṛī |
|
ਮਣਕਾ |
maṇkā |
|
ਰੌਣਕ |
rͻṇak |
|
ਮੋਢਾ |
móḍā |
|
ਪਿੰਡ |
pĩḍ |
|
ਕੜ੍ਹੀ |
káṛī |
|
ਨੜੀ |
naṛī |
|
ਪਾਹਣ |
pā́ṇ |
|
ਢਾਣੀ |
ṭā̀ṇī |
|
ਭੇਡ |
pèḍ |
|
ਛਡ |
čhaḍ |
|
ਭਾੜਾ |
pā̀ṛā |
|
ਘੜੀ |
kàṛī |
|
10.4 |
More tone practice in frames :
|
|
|
|
|
Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
|
ਓਹ ਲੁਧਿਆਣੇ ਜਾਏਗਾ। |
ó ludiā̀ṇe jāegā. |
He will go to Ludhiana. |
|
ਓਹ ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ ਜਾਏਗਾ। |
ó amritsar jāegā. |
He will go to Amritsar. |
|
ਓਹ ਜਲੰਧਰ ਜਾਏਗਾ। |
ó jalã́dar jāegā. |
He will go to Jullundur. |
|
ਅਸੀਂ ਲੁਧਿਆਣੇ ਜਾਵਾਂਗੇ। |
asī̃ ludiā̀ṇe jāwā̃ge. |
We will go to Ludhiana. |
|
ਅਸੀਂ ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ ਜਾਵਾਂਗੇ। |
asī̃ amritsar jāwā̃ge. |
We will go to Amritsar. |
|
ਅਸੀਂ ਜਲੰਧਰ ਜਾਵਾਂਗੇ। |
asī̃ jalã́dar jāwā̃ge. |
We will go to Jullundur. |
|
ਮੈਂ ਲੁਧਿਆਣੇ ਸਾਂ। |
mɛ̃ ludiā̀ṇe sā̃. |
I was at Ludhiana. |
|
ਮੈਂ ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ ਸਾਂ। |
mɛ̃ amritsar sā̃. |
I was at Amritsar. |
|
ਮੈਂ ਜਲੰਧਰ ਸਾਂ। |
mɛ̃ jalã́dar sā̃. |
I was at Jullundur. |
|
ਲੁਧਿਆਣੇ ਗਏ ਸਾਂ ਅਸੀਂ। |
ludiā̀ṇe gae sā̃ asī̃. |
We went to Ludhiana. |
|
ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ ਗਏ ਸਾਂ ਅਸੀਂ। |
amritsar gae sā̃ asī̃. |
We went to Amritsar. |
|
ਜਲੰਧਰ ਗਏ ਸਾਂ ਅਸੀਂ। |
jalã́dar gae sā̃ asī̃. |
We went to Jullundur. |
|
ਓਹ ਸਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ਼ ਲੁਧਿਆਣੇ ਗਿਆ। |
ó sāḍe nāḷ ludiā̀ṇe giā. |
He went to Ludhiana with us. |
|
ਓਹ ਸਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ਼ ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ ਗਿਆ। |
ó sāḍe nāḷ amritsar giā. |
He went to Amritsar with us. |
|
ਓਹ ਸਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ਼ ਜਲੰਧਰ ਗਿਆ। |
ó sāḍe nāḷ jalã́dar giā. |
He went to Jullundur with us. |
|
10.5
|
|
|
|
Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
|
ਗੁੰਬਦ ਸੋਹਣੇ ਲਗਦੇ ਨੇ। |
gũbad sóṇe lagde ne. |
The domes look pretty. |
|
ਗੁੰਬਦ ਬਹੁਤ ਸੋਹਣੇ ਲਗਦੇ ਨੇ। |
gũbad bͻ́t sóṇe lagde ne. |
The domes look very pretty. |
|
ਸੁਨਹਿਰੀ ਗੁੰਬਦ ਸੋਹਣੇ ਲਗਦੇ ਨੇ। |
sunέrī gũbad sóṇe lagde ne. |
The golden domes look pretty. |
|
ਇਸ ਦੇ ਗੁੰਬਦ ਸੋਹਣੇ ਲਗਦੇ ਨੇ। |
is de gũbad sóṇe lagde ne. |
Its domes look pretty. |
|
10.6
|
|
|
|
Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
|
ਪਰਛਾਵਾਂ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਲਗਦਾ ਏ। |
parčhāwā̃ sũdar lagdā e. |
The reflection looks beautiful. |
|
ਪਰਛਾਵਾਂ ਬਹੁਤ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਲਗਦਾ ਏ। |
parčhāwā̃ bͻ́t sũdar lagdā e. |
The reflection looks very beautiful. |
|
ਇਹਨਾਂ ਦਾ ਪਰਛਾਵਾਂ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਲਗਦਾ ਏ। |
énā̃ dā parčhāwā̃ sũdar lagdā e. |
Their reflection looks beautiful. |
|
ਪਰਛਾਵਾਂ ਸਰੋਵਰ ਵਿਚ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਲਗਦਾ ਏ। |
parčhāwā̃ sarowar wič sũdar lagdā e. |
The reflection in the pool looks beautiful. |
|
10.7
|
|
|
|
Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
|
ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਕਦੋਂ ਬਣਿਆ ਸੀ? |
darbār sā́b kadõ baṇiā sī? |
When was the Darbar Sahib built? |
|
ਗੁੰਬਦ ਕਦੋਂ ਬਣੇ ਸਨ? |
gũbad kadõ baṇe san? |
When were the domes built? |
|
ਸੋਨੇ ਦਾ ਕੰਮ ਕਦੋਂ ਕਰਵਾਇਆ ਸੀ? |
sone da kãm kadõ karwāiā si? |
When was the gold work done? |
|
ਇਸ ਦੀ ਨੀਂਹ ਕਦੋਂ ਰੱਖੀ ਸੀ? |
is dī nī̃́ kadõ rakkhī sī? |
When was its corner-stone laid? |
|
10.8
|
|
|
|
Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
|
ਇਹ ਕੀ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਨੇ? |
é kī kar raé ne? |
What are they doing? |
|
ਇਹ ਕੀ ਖੇਡ ਰਹੇ ਨੇ? |
é kī khéḍ raé ne? |
What are they playing? |
|
ਜਗੀਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਕੀ ਕਰ ਰਿਹਾ ਏ? |
jagīr sĩ́g kī kar riā́ e? |
What is Jagir Singh doing? |
|
ਅਮ੍ਰਿਤ ਕੌਰ ਕੀ ਗਾ ਰਹੀ ਏ? |
amrit kͻr kī gā raī́ e? |
What is Amrit Kaur singing? |
|
10.9
|
|
|
|
Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
|
ਓਹ ਕੀ ਕਰਦਾ ਏ? |
ó kī kardā e? |
What is he doing? |
|
ਇਹ ਕੀ ਗਾਉਂਦੇ ਨੇ? |
é kī gͻ̃de ne? |
What are they singing? |
|
ਮੁੰਡੇ ਕੀ ਖੇਡਦੇ ਨੇ? |
mũḍe kī khéḍde ne? |
What are the boys playing? |
|
ਕੁੜੀਆਂ ਕੀ ਗਾਉਂਦੀਆਂ ਨੇ? |
kuṛīā̃ kī gͻ̃dīā̃ ne? |
What are the girls singing? |
|
10.10
|
|
|
|
Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
|
ਇਹ ਦਿੱਲੀ ਦੀ ਸੜਕ ਏ। |
é dillī dī saṛk e. |
This is the Delhi Road. |
|
ਇਹ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਸੜਕਾਂ ਨੇ। |
é šέr dīā̃ seṛkā̃ ne. |
These are city roads. |
|
ਇਹ ਮੋਹਣ ਦਾ ਘੋੜਾ ਏ। |
é móṇ dā kòṛā e. |
This is Mohan's horse. |
|
ਇਹ ਰਾਮ ਦੇ ਘੋੜੇ ਨੇ। |
é rām de kòṛe ne. |
These are Ram's horses. |
|
10.11
|
|
|
|
Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
Translation |
|
ਆਪ ਦਾ ਪਿੰਡ ਪਸੰਦ ਆਇਆ। |
āp dā pĩḍ pasãd āiā. |
I liked your village. |
|
ਆਪ ਦੀ ਕਾਫੀ ਪਸੰਦ ਆਈ। |
āp dī kāfī pasãd aī. |
I liked your coffee. |
|
ਆਪ ਦੇ ਅੰਗੂਰ ਪਸੰਦ ਆਏ। |
āp de ãgūr pasãd āe. |
I liked you grapes. |
|
ਆਪ ਦੀਆਂ ਜਲੇਬੀਆਂ ਪਸੰਦ ਆਈਆਂ। |
āp dīā̃ jalebīā̃ pasãd āīā̃. |
I liked you /jalebīā̃/. |
|
|
§ COUNTING |
10.12 |
Learn the following numbers and practice them in frames such as you have been using.
|
|
|
Gurmukhi |
Transcription |
English Word |
|
ਸੋਲ਼ਾਂ |
soḷā̃ |
‘sixteen’ |
|
ਸਤਾਰਾਂ |
satārā̃ |
‘seventeen’ |
|
ਅਠਾਰਾਂ |
aṭhārā̃ |
‘eighteen’ |
|
ਉੱਨੀ |
unnī |
‘nineteen’ |
|
|
You can now count as far as twenty, and by tens to one hundred. You also know how to express fractions involving halves and quarters. Those are the most useful numbers.
For the present it is better to stop with that. The remaining numbers are rather complex and not frequently used.
|
|
For example, /pãjattar/ 'seventy-five' is one of the more transparent ones. It looks like a condensation of /pãj/ and /sattar/. But there is no easy way of figuring out what the form should be, so the only way would be to memorize the whole set. Some are much less obvious. /pɛ̃́ṭh/ 'sixty-five' does not look much like /pãj/ and /saṭh/. After you have acquired greater fluency in Punjabi, you may desire to learn some more numerals.
For the present, it is better to avoid them as far as possible.
|